Ways pomegranate protects against spike.

Includes chimeric spike gene sequences involved in fusion entry of cells, and Ehden Biber’s latest post with FOIA information from Pfizer including the Omicron BA.1 (“Riltozinameran”) genetic sequence.

Hard to understand info for non-geneticists from Ehden – thanks for sharing maybe some geneticists will translate for us: The Sequence; We now have Pfizer’s Omicron BA.1 (“Riltozinameran”) genetic sequence, alongside other important information, thanks to a FOI request to the UK’s regulatory body, the MHRA. – by Ehden Biber – Sense of Awareness (substack.com)

I had just added a gene sequence image to something I had written, and was searching posts and not finding it (and getting frustrated ;-) when I remembered where it was – Gp41 in SARS-CoV-2 spike, so here we are back with the delicious and royal fruit.

Pomegranate is so awesome it can take on a multi-fanged genetic chimera:

1) Blocks entry at the ACE2 receptors and preserves ACE2 function.

Pomegranate peel extract blocks entry at the ACE2 receptor which also helps protect the function of ACE2 receptors, and pomegranate extract also inhibited “the activity of the virus 3CL protease.” (Tito, et al, 2020) Lung edema and other symptoms of severe Covid19 are also symptoms of lack of ACE2 function. As the infection spreads to cells with ACE2, the spike blocked receptor is dysfunctional. The juice/fruit likely helps but the peel is more potent, more concentrated in phytonutrients and has additional hydrolyzable tannins.

2) Inhibits NET formation, and inflammasome creation.

Inhibits NET formation (Kirchner, et al, 2013) which would promote inflammasome production – which kills good cells when it is an over-reaction. The SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein, the E protein section, causes activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome creation, and the resulting increase in inflammation can also signal further creation of them. (Wong and Saier, 2021) An allergy like sensitization seems to occur. Macrophages from people who had been sick with COVID-19 reacted to exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inflammasome production occurred. Cells from people who had not been pre-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 did not react to cause inflammasome creation. (Theobald, et al, 2021)

3) Inhibits fusion of HIV-1 and entry into cells by membrane fusion. It may do the same for SARS-CoV-2.

*I am not sure if “HIV-1 entry inhibitor” is the same as fusion inhibitor for preventing the splitting of S1 from the S2 portion of spike. (Neurath, et al, 2004)

  • Punica granatum (Pomegranate) juice provides an HIV-1 entry inhibitor and candidate topical microbicide.” (Neurath, et al, 2004)

If it is, pomegranate phytonutrients could inhibit the fusion cleavage site from opening and freeing the S1 subunit which then can block nAChR function and has prion like domains and a galectin-3 like sequence. So, preventing S1 release would protect cholinergic function, reduce misfolded protein risks, and reduce risk of galectin-3 over-stimulating excess angiogenesis (blood vessel formation or doubling/splitting).

It was noted by (Wu Zhang and Leng Yap, 2004) that HIV-1 gp41 and SARS-CoV(1) S2 proteins are similar in structure. The gp41 protein helps HIV-1 fuse directly with cells in order to infect them, (Chen, 2019), which SARS-CoV-2 can also do. The S2 portion of spike forms a wedge like shape and directly invades a cell’s bilipid membrane layer for the purpose of membrane-to-membrane fusion with the viral particle. The sequence “GB1” is discussed and a Spike SARS-CoV-2 Fusion peptide, see Fig. S1. (Koppisetti, Fulcher, Van Doren, 2021) If pomegranate can prevent HIV-1 membrane fusion than maybe it is preventing separation of the S1 from the S2 subunit – more research is needed.

Fig. S1. (Koppisetti, Fulcher, Van Doren, 2021)

Background info by (Wu Zhang and Leng Yap, 2004) on the roles of the two parts of a coronavirus species’ spike protein – S1 (“cellular reception recognition”) and S2 (fusion of the viral and host cell membranes for entry):

“Coronavirus spike protein plays a very important role in virus entry, virus–receptor interaction, variations in host range and tissue tropism. The S proteins of majority of coronaviruses are cleaved into two functional subunits, S1 and S2. Liu et al. [1] indicated that the S protein of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) also forms S1 and S2 domains. The peripheral S1 portion is responsible for cellular receptor recognition, while the membrane-spanning S2 portion mediates the fusion of viral and cellular membrane, hence S protein determines the specificity of host and virulence of coronavirus [2]. Similarly, there are two non-valently associated subunits in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein, gp120 and gp41, gp120 directs target-cell recognition and viral tropism through interaction with the cell-surface receptor CD4, while the membrane-spanning gp41 promotes fusion of the viral and cellular membranes so that viral contents are released into the host cell [3].” (Wu Zhang and Leng Yap, 2004)

The chimeric S1 subunit can be free and effect receptors elsewhere in the body or be released in exosomes in exhaled breath or sweat, and body fluids. It has the snake venom toxin-like nAChR cholinergic blocking effect and has a galectin-3 look alike sequence. Preventing S1 separation would reduce harm.

4) Acts as a modulator for inflammation & immune function,, promoting or inhibiting as needed for the situation.

Acts as a modulator and can increase Nitric oxide production if low or reduce Nitric oxide production if it excessive. Modulatory benefits for oxidative stress – pomegranate peel can help increase Nitric oxide by promoting eNOS (Delgado, et al, 2017), (de Nigris, et al, 2007a), (Wang D, et al, 2018), or reduce excess by promoting iNOS. (Kandeil, et al, 2019)

5) Protects against misfolded protein conditions.

Protects against misfolded protein conditions – the delphinidin (Noda, et al, 2002) and other anthocyanidins (Masci, et al, 2016), (Qu, et al, 2015) that give pomegranate its purple red hue, may help stabilize proteins as allosteric modulators and many phytonutrients or nutrients can act on receptors as agonists or reverse agonist (less often). (Silva, et al, 2019)

6) Promotes Nrf2 which helps promote DNA damage repair, glutathione production, and immune function.

Promotes Nrf2 which helps promote glutathione production, immune function, and DNA damage repair and inhibits inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 (Karwasra, et al, 2019) and NFkB. (Rasheed, et al, 2009). Nrf2 and pomegranate peel inhibit mast cell degranulation which would reduce inflammation, cytokines, and histamine. (Parisio, et al, 2020) Antihistamines tend to help in CoV treatment. Nrf2 inhibits mast cell degranulation by promoting SIRT4. (Hu B et al, 2020)

7) Contains potent antioxidants in addition to promoting Nrf2 and our own glutathione production.

Pomegranate peel contains potent antioxidants and diuretics (the tannins/EGCG/catechins) which help with detox – have several servings earlier in the day if ill and drink plenty of water, or once a day as a preventive.

The fruit juice and seeds provide some of the benefits for reducing inflammation and protecting the brain, but the peel contains more of the phytonutrients with potent antiviral and antioxidant function. Antioxidant power so strong, pomegranate peel extract can be used as an anti-corrosive for steel. (Rashid, et al, 2017) Too much is a pro-oxidant, use in moderate amounts. The diuretic effect is a clue when you may be getting too much, or just a good amount if puffiness is a problem.

8) Protects against liver, kidney, and brain damage risks from hyperinflammation.

Protects against liver, kidney, (Middha, et al, 2013) and brain damage risks from (spike) hyperinflammation. (Ahmed, et al, 2014) (Morzelle, et al, 2016) With a healthy microbiome, metabolites urolithin A and B can cross the blood brain barrier and reduce neuroinflammation. (Kujawska, et al, 2019) EGCG helps promote new growth of hippocampal cells. (Itika, et al, 2020) Urolithin A may be helpful against aging, metabolic dysfunction, IBD, and neurodegenerative disorders by promoting mitophagy and removal of defective mitochondria leading to improved health of mitochondria. (Singh, et al, 2022)

Species that help produce urolithin A and B may include Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae family and Akkermansia muciniphlia. Having more Bacteroides in ratio to Firmicutes was associated with non-production of urolithin A in response to 8 oz of pomegranate juice. A 500 mg supplement product, MitoPure, led to much greater increases in plasma levels of urolithin than the juice, in a crossover self-controlled clinical study. (Singh, et al, 2022)

Firmicutes are the main butyrate producing species, Ruminococcaceae also produce it, and Akkermansia muciniphlia produce other short-chain fatty acids. They are anaerobes fermenting undigested starches within the colon and the short chain fatty acids help feed the colon cells. (Parada Venegas, et al, 2019) *Probiotics provide species that populate the small intestines. We need to eat adequate resistant starches and zinc to support the anaerobe of the colon.

9) Improves gut health, membrane and cardiovascular health and promotes a beneficial microbiome balance of butyrate producing species.

Improves gut health, (Zhang, et al, 2017) membrane health, and cardiovascular health. (Wang et al, 2018)  (Sadeghipour, et al, 2014) (Salwe, et al, 2015) . (Yang, et al, 2018) (Asgary, et al, 2017). Improved endothelial function in the placenta for a diabetic pregnancy animal model, eNOS -/- knockout mice and wild-type were used. (El-Sayyad, et al, 2019)

  • Tip – think of skin health, gut health and blood vessel/cardiovascular health as all connected – similar tissue, slightly different issues.

Promotes balance between Firmicutes and Bacteroides species, butyrate producing microbial species in the gut. Excess Firmicutes is associated with obesity and excess Bacteroides with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pomegranate led to a decrease in Firmicutes in an animal-based study about a gut pathogen. (George, et al, 2019)

  • “These results suggest that consumption of pomegranate polyphenols altered the microbiome, making it more resistant to displacement by infection with Cr, indicating that pomegranate polyphenols may mitigate the pathogenic effects of food‐borne bacterial pathogens.” (George, et al, 2019)

When we protect our gut, we are also protecting our brain, because they are connected via the large vagus nerve. It can act as a superhighway and allow chemicals to enter the brain from the gut or enter the gut from the brain. Parkinson’s Disease seems to involve this connection. Pomegranate peel extract helped a brain inflammation condition by modulation of the species in the gut. (Lu, et al, 2020)

  • “Pomegranate peel extract ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of gut microbiota.” (Lu XY, et al, 2020)

Promotes the microbiome. Sepsis – did not help in one animal model. Pretreatment for a month with pomegranate may have increased gut microbiome leaving the animals at increased risk of sepsis effects when surgery was performed.  (Tavasoli, et al, 2014)

Pomegranate in a market. Photo by Jonas Renner on Unsplash.

Summary: The juice/fruit provide many of these benefits but not all, the peel is more potent in the anti-viral & other benefits.

  1. Pomegranate peel extract blocks entry at the ACE2 receptors and preserves ACE2 function.
  2. Inhibits NET formation which leads to (killer) inflammasome creation.
  3. Inhibits fusion of HIV-1 and entry into cells by membrane fusion. It may do the same for SARS-CoV-2.
  4. Acts as a modulator for inflammation and immune function, promoting or inhibiting as needed for the situation – restoring balance.
  5. Protects against misfolded protein conditions (prions).
  6. Promotes Nrf2 which helps promote DNA damage repair, glutathione production, and immune function.
  7. Pomegranate contains potent antioxidants in addition to promoting Nrf2 and our own glutathione production.
  8. Protects against liver, kidney, and brain damage risks from hyperinflammation.
  9. Improves gut health, membrane and cardiovascular health; and promotes a beneficial microbiome balance of butyrate producing species.
  10. The juice/fruit provide many of these benefits but not all, the peel is more potent in the anti-viral benefits.

Ellagic acid/EGCG alternatives:

If pomegranate/peel is not available to you, then sumac/Zataar contains similar phytonutrients and so do Goji berries, and red raspberries a smaller amount and maybe black raspberries too: “The seeds of raspberries contained 87.8% of the ellagic acid,” (Daniel, et al, 1989), strawberries had more in the pulp than the seeds. Green tea also contains some of the catechin benefits ~ 3 cups per day provides about 200 mg of EGCG which is a typical amount found in supplements of EGCG. If gut issues are also an issue though, green tea may cause discomfort due to the oxalate content.

We should listen to Geert Vanden Bossche, PhD, DVM:

  • Geert says we need to treat everyone prophylactically to stop breakthrough infections & slow the mutation rate. (substack.com) a post on my SubCtack links to his audio/post.

Early treatment works – we need to prophylactically treat everyone with the basic Z-Stack or preferred equivalent. Preventively taking supplements means you are treating somewhat at the first exposure. Then if signs of a cold occur, increase the vitamin C and anti-viral/iron chelators like quercetin, pomegranate peel product/tea and/or black seed oil.

I also include intranasal rinse or spray, and negative ionizers for air quality control in addition. Stop the exposure in the nose where the body has IgA antibodies that react against any coronavirus. Once the RNA species reach the lung, they have mutated somewhat and are harder for the body to fight.

Negative ionizers are something that should be in public places.

Anyone in power over a facility – please see what you can do to add it. CoV spike is positively charged and will clump and fall from the air. Sweep and mop more often. Part of the risk is the air above big crowds – think of it as a circulating swamp of everyone’s mutation variants, which then all can rapidly mingle and the whole swarm can quantumly it seems, all mutate to a new (worse) variant and make the whole crowd sick. Karl Sirotkin, PhD’s work.

  • Golden Silkworms in Pandora’s Box – by Harvard2TheBigHouse (substack.com)

Pomegranate peel and fruit is an “antidote” for many diabolical features of the patented computer-generated sequence that is causing harm. It happens to be pomegranate season in the Northern Hemisphere. Are we collectively going to start using the fruit and peel for its full benefits? Or continue waiting for a rich person to suggest it? Or wait for Tedros and the WHO to use a little money to research pomegranate peel extract against SARS-CoV-2?

If you want medical doctor/researcher recommendations about the benefits of pomegranate, read this open access peer-reviewed book: Pomegranate, (IntechOpen), 2021. In a chapter on the antimicrobial benefits, Celiksoy and Heard did a phenomenal job creating extensive Tables of research trials showing antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel extract or whole fruit extract. The Tables include which species were targeted using pomegranate extract of what dose, standardized to 13% ellagic acid, or other extraction method details are listed. (Celiksoy and Heard, 2021) It is just one Chapter in an open access peer-reviewed (long) book: Pomegranate, (IntechOpen), 2021.

Pomegranate and early treatment can work – if you use it.

It can’t work if you don’t use it.

Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes within the guidelines of fair use. While I am a Registered Dietitian this information is not intended to provide individual health guidance. Please see a health professional for individual health care purposes.

Probiotics, vitamin K and calcification

Vitamin K is made with the help of probiotics and our ‘good guy’ intestinal bacteria.  Adequate vitamin K may help prevent calcification of soft tissue and potentially reduce the risk for heart disease and some types of cancer. Healthy intestinal bacteria can make vitamin K in a form that is well absorbed compared to the form found in vegetables and a few other foods.Vitamin K1 is more common in the diet in many green vegetables but it is poorly absorbed. Vitamin K2 is found in foods made with active bacterial cultures like yogurt, sauerkraut, kim chee and some cheeses.

The richest food sources of vitamin K include green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, Brussels sprouts and broccoli. It is also found in small amounts in egg yolk, some meats, flatfish and eel. Dairy products like yogurt or cottage cheese may contain vitamin K as a side product of the active cultures. Natto, miso, tempeh, kim chee and other live cultured products may also be a source of vitamin K depending on the type of bacteria used in processing. Sauerkraut and dill pickles sold from a refrigerated case may be a source of the live ‘good guy’ bacteria. The fermented products provide some vitamin K and provide the good guy bacteria that can keep making more vitamin K while protecting against yeast and less friendly bacteria. Spoilage does occur with live products. Food safety guidelines and ‘use by dates’ should be followed. [4] [6]

Probiotic supplements are also available that are designed to provide some of the good guy bacteria in a capsule. Check the source for quality control standards and storage recommendations.

Vitamin K helps the body make the hormone, osteocalcin, which helps signal calcium to enter bone tissue [4] and is important for regulating blood sugar levels.[13] Adequate vitamin K helps the calcium stay in the bone tissue and reduces the risk of soft tissue calcification. Hardening of the breasts may not lead to heart attacks, a risk with arteriosclerosis, or the hardening of arteries from calcium/cholesterol deposits, [910] but the condition isn’t likely to be comfortable either. Calcium is electrically active inside of the cell and can signal membranes to break down. Calcium deposits in soft tissue may be enclosed in fatty cholesterol deposits to help prevent the risk of inflammatory membrane break down.

Vitamin K is essential for blood to clot but it is also very important for preventing calcification of soft tissue. Calcium deposits add to hardening of the arteries or arteriosclerosis but abnormal calcification is also seen in some cases of breast cancer. [3] Calcification of soft tissue becomes more common in people over 50 and is frequently considered a normal part of aging. However soft tissue calcification can be a symptom of excess vitamin D intake and can be a symptom of vitamin K or magnesium deficiencies.

A study found less incidence of prostate and lung cancer in participants who reported more intake of vitamin K foods. The link with breast or colon cancer was less clear but the study was based on self reported intake of common foods and cheese was the richest food source of vitamin K reported (cheese is also a source of calcium). None of the study participants had an estimated intake of vitamin K that met the RDA. In the U.S. 120 mcg is recommended for men and 90 mcg for women. In the study 24,340 adults were followed for ten years and averaged less than 100 mcg/day. [7] A cup of carrots has about 15 mcg, a cup of kale has 1054 mcg (but the form is not well absorbed) and a cup of sauerkraut has 81 mcg. [8]

Bacteroides is a family of bacteria that are commonly found in the intestines. Some helpful bacteria are known to make vitamin K. Some of the Bacteoides family are more helpful to health than others. Having a variety of bacteria in the intestines can reduce the growth of other more deadly bacteria and helps prevent excessive yeast growth. Intestinal health is not a pleasant topic but intestinal ill health is even less pleasant.

A study about celiac disease risk tested for types of Bacteroides species in newborns. A difference in intestinal species was noted based on the genetic differences between the infants and whether they were fed with human milk or commercial infant formula. Infants without the high risk genotype and infants receiving human milk feedings had more of the healthier species of Bacteriodes. [1] This suggests that some infants and people may be more at risk than others for intestinal imbalance which can result in poor nutrient absorption and deficiencies. Probiotics from foods or supplements could be helpful as part of the daily diet.

Probiotic supplements can not supply all types of healthy bacteria in a shelf stable form. Freshly prepared fermented foods may be a better source of some types of the healthy bacteria. [12]  Kefir is a type of active culture beverage that is made from milk similar to the way that yogurt is made. Infant formula possibly could be prepared with the healthy Bacteroides species to help establish healthy digestion and vitamin K. Kefir and other active culture products spoil more rapidly so food safety risks would need to be tested with any new products. Infants typically are given supplemental vitamin K at birth because there is little found in the breast milk. The healthy bacteria that are promoted by the human milk feeding could be providing the vitamin K infants need once the good guy bacteria are established in the intestines of the infant. (unpleasant to think about but healthy for digestion and strong bones).

Digestive issues may be helped by vitamin K and probiotic foods or supplements. And having adequate vitamin K can help prevent calcification of the soft tissue and osteoporosis of the bones. While calcification itself is not proven to be a cause of cancer or heart disease, calcium deposits are found in tumors and in arteriosclerotic plaque which suggests that excess calcium is involved.

Disclaimer: Opinions are my own and the information is provided for educational purposes within the guidelines of fair use. While I am a Registered Dietitian this information is not intended to provide individual health guidance. Please see a health professional for individual health care purposes.

Reference List

  1. Sanchez E., et.al., “Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors Linked to Celiac Disease Risk on Infant Gut Colonization by Bacteroides Species” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Aug. 2011, p. 5316–5323 pdf: [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] *an increased prevalence of B. vulgatis was found in infants with the HLA-DQ genotype that is associated with increased risk for developing celiac disease. An increased prevalence of B. uniformis was associated with infants without the high risk genotype and with infants who received breast milk feedings.
  2. Itzhak Brook, “Bacteroides Infection,” Medscape.com: [emedicine.medscape.com]
  3. Johnson K., “Breast Calcifications.” (last reviewed Oct. 28, 2012) webmd: [women.webmd.com]
  4. Vermeer C., “Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation an overview.” Food & Nutrition Research 2012. 56: 5329 – DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329 pdf, full article: [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  5. Lev M., “Sphingolipid biosynthesis and vitamin K metabolism in Bacteroides melaninogenicus.” Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Jan;32(1):179-86. Full article [ajcn.nutrition.org/content/32/1/179.long] * This link is really about a different topic. Vitamin K may be important for assembling phospholipids that are used in membranes.
  6. King-Nosseir A., “Eating Well: Bones need more than just calcium,”  (5/16/2012) abqjournal.com: [abqjournal.com]
  7. Higher vitamin K intake tied to lower cancer risks.” (March 31, 2010) Reuters: [reuters.com] *This discusses the results of a large study but the vitamin K intake was based on self reported food intake and cheese was the primary source they mention tracking.
  8. Vitamin K Content of Common Foods.” University Healthcare Thrombosis Service, My Warfarin Therapy, healthcare.utah.edu [healthcare.utah.edu]
  9. Hardening of the Arteries.” (June 3, 2012) pubMed: [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
  10. Howenstine J., “Arteriosclerosis Can Be Reversed, Part 1.” (7/24/2008) [newswithviews.com]
  11. Cuomo M.I., “A World Without Cancer, The making of a new cure and the real promise of prevention.” (2012, Rodale Press, New York) [Amazon] *breast cancer tumors are described as a chalky white that stands out from the surrounding tissue. Diagnostic screening was described that differentiates between abnormal and normal calcification of the breast. ** My position is that calcification of the breast or arteries is abnormal and is related to long term nutrient deficiencies or sometimes parathyroid cancer or other unusual disease rather than being a normal part of aging.
  12. Myhill S., “Probiotics – we should all be taking these all the time and double the dose following antibiotics and gastroenteritis.”  [drmyhill.co.uk]
  13. Osteocalcin hormone can regulate glucose levels: Research” (July 23, 2010) [news-medical.net]